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The body is devoted to the kung fu discussion
—A transformation from Zhu Zi to the late Ming Dynasty
Author: Zhang Fengzhi (Associate Researcher, Philosophy Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)
Source: “Philosophy Analysis” Issue 5, 2020
Abstract:Zhu Zi’s kung fu discussion believes that the body is complete and unpredictable. The body is neither needed nor capable, and the kung fu can only be used in the body. Yang Ming’s Kung Fu discussion also abides by the principle of not being able to gain kung Fu in its original body, but Yang Ming and Zhu Zi have different understandings about the kung Fu in its original body. Therefore, Yang Ming further believes that he is not able to gain kung Fu in its own mind. Later in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Shouyi, Wang Ji, Luo Hongxian and others developed various ways of kung fu discussions based on the theory of their confidants, but they cooperated to follow this condition that they could not get kung fu in their bodies. Among them, the skill of not having a precept is the point of the principle, and it was finally broken in the early Ming Dynasty. Regarding the two situations of the academic kung fu departing from the body and only talking about the body but not the body, scholars such as Liu Zongzhou and Sun Qifeng disagree with what later generations say, “combined with the body’s singing skills”, and mention the time should be focused on the body rather than the body, and solve the problem of the body and the body in terms of theory and practice.
Keywords:Focus on the body; in line with the body; Kung Fu discussion; Precautions
1. Introduction
Many students believe that the reinforced in the main theory of the late Ming Dynasty, the refined in meaning, it is not a direction, but an expansion of the main theory. Yang Ming expanded the mind of Cheng and Zhu’s theory to the mind, and realized the position of the mind as the metaphysical body; similarly, Liu Zongzhou, a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, turned the mind into the metaphysical body, and at the same time, the position of emotion and atmosphere. The emphasis on temperament by scholars in the late Ming Dynasty was definitely formed into a trend, including Zhu Zi and Yang Ming students, which is worthy of attention. However, these are just an expansion of the intrinsic theory, not a replacement for the previous principles, nature, and mind. In fact, there is no real change. The continuous expansion and implementation of the original theory in the late Ming Dynasty reflects the more subtle and understanding of the theory of “using one source and showing no microscopicity”. The relationship between metaphysical and sub-physical is considered more confidential, and in this process, the Kung Fu Discussion has also developed more deeply. This article discusses the essence of the body. It has an interest in breaking the “physical failure” principle that Zhu Xi and Yang Ming and Yang Ming Gate Students cooperated to maintain, and is a transformation in the development of early Kung Fu discussions in the Ming Dynasty.
There is no effort to achieve one’s body, but it involves two meanings: one is no effort to achieve one’s body, but it starts from the use, style, and final use of the body; the other meaning refers to the inability to act and force in the body. The second meaning must be followed regardless of whether it is necessary to work hard or not. The Kung Fu Redirection discussed in this articleImportant and first-level connotation.
Even though Zhu Zi and Yang Ming have differences on their own body, they cooperate to abide by the principle of “no effort in their own body”. Zhu Xi believed that he could not work hard on his nature, and Yang Ming believed that he could not work hard on his nature and mind. In their eyes, the body is full and empty, and it is unpredictable. Therefore, the skill in the body is neither necessary nor capable. After the Ming Dynasty, the first generation of students developed multiple kung fu paths such as becoming confidants, silence and cultivation, and all followed the condition of “not achieving kung fu in their body”. However, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the two extreme kung fu discussions that were completely different from the original state were no longer satisfied with the “singing skill in the body” and believed that the kung fu was used in the original state in the branch and the kung fu should return to the root state. Therefore, it proposed “singing skill in the original state” and solved the essential problems of kung fu from a different perspective, forming a transition from the discussion of kung fu in the late Ming Dynasty and even the early Qing Dynasty.
Zheng, Zhu Xi: Just because you don’t have the right nature, you can use it directly
Zhu Xi believes that although nature is the same as rejuvenation, intelligence and mind, there is a difference between being light inside and outside. “Mencius: The First of the Heart” says: “Those who have the heart know their nature. If they know their nature, they will know the heaven.” Yichuan believed that the order of reasoning was to first work hard on the heart, and then they could know the nature and the heaven. Zhu Zi believed that intellect is a matter of reasoning, and the mind is a perfect way to be rational. Therefore, we must be knowledgeable and only then can we be able to be attentive. So, how to know nature?
1. In Zhu Xi’s thinking system, nature is the essence, and nature is invisible and unpredictable, as if it is not captured before it is discovered. Before the appearance is sexual, it has been emotional, and before the appearance is the appearance of nature. However, the undeveloped nature is not clear, and the already developed situation is hard to follow. Zhu Zi said:
The nature of the mind should be the body, and it does not leave these four, and the four are not something that can be pinched or rubbed without image. However, in the essence of the truth, one can understand the meaning and emotion, which seems to have boundary lines, but it is not actually a wall covering and a column that is separate. However, this is extremely difficult to say, so Mencius only said it in the outset, as if it were the four aspects, and said that “it is like his feelings, so he can be good.” This is to teach people to understand the source of the source. It is not the source of this. How can I use it to create this object? But there is no place for the source, so I can only save effort when I use it. [1]
The so-called “four”, no abstraction, and can be matched by the only way彩国产学彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩 From this point of view, the nature of the body can be seen, so the obscure end can be called the end, which is the last thing from the root to the end, from the body to the use.
From the point of view of intelligence and perception, the body cannot be conceived, and the root of it can be seen from the use; from the point of view of kung fu, Zhu Zi also agreed to work hard to return to the path of nature. As the saying goes, “The body cannot be seen, and the body is in it,” “If nature captures it, it will be farther away. ”[2]
Zhu Zi also said: “Ordinary people should also focus on their character in their studies. It is not just about personality, but also about walking, sitting and standing. ”[3] Here, Zhu Xi also mentioned that “you must work hard on character before your character”, but in fact there is no skill in nature. He said: “As long as you are natural and you can’t just use it directly. ”[4] It is not a straightforward way to focus on nature. The skill of nature is to cultivate the mind. The skill of cultivate the mind is to cultivate the nature, and the skill of cultivate the mind is to study the things first. If the “sense of mind” and “intellectuality” mentioned by Mencius correspond to “Big Learning”, then Zhu Xi believed that studying things is in accordance with the nature of knowledge, and the most knowledge is in accordance with the heart. The nature of cultivate the mind is to realize the knowledge from studying things, and only then can it be achieved through the sincerity.
Intellect, mind and nature are not time, but the ultimate effect of knowledge and action. In the end, the ultimate goal of knowing and doing is to achieve the best of mind, and the so-called “the essence and essence of everything is not impossible, but the whole use of my heart is not unclear.” Although it is divided into different levels, the practice of kung fu is actually included in the attainment of knowledge.
2. Avoid Question
In Zhu Xi’s thinking, the challenge raised by the question of Abuse is not very prominent. After Zhu Xi’s enlightenment of Ji Chou, he would not develop the same as the one who has developed it, and then he did not develop the skills to imp
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